Objectives: radiobiological effects of nanoparticles and its cellular mechanism in normal tissue regeneration are investigated.
Methods & materials: about 2 nm diameter gold nanoaprticles are used in this study with bovine endothelial cells as normal cells and glioma type cells. The irradiation was conducted using Spring8-synchrotron in Japan and the cell culture studies were performed at the school of Medical Sciences RMIT-University.
Results& Discussion: AuNPs accelerate cells migration especially normal endothelial cells. This effect has been observed when AuNPs are introduced into the cells and the cells impregnated with AuNPs migrate faster than the ones without AuNPs. The cells with AuNPs have been found to fill in gaps created in cultures about 5 times faster than those without AuNPs. The effects have been observed with gaps generated by radiations or when such gaps are made by scratches ‘wounds”. Filling of artificial scratch have been found to be much faster than radiation created gaps. Two aspects of this phenomenon are given; one is biology based where it is thought of disrupts caused by such particles to the cells cytoskeleton organisation and hence induces different chemical pathways promoting cells motility. The other reason (physics) can be due to Coulomb repulsion force generated by polarised cells pushing the cells into gaps and also cell-polarisation could lead into cells symmetry-breaking hence accelerating their motion.
Conclusion: radiotherapy treatment efficiency can be improve by using AuNps where dose can be enhance to kill the tumour cells and at the same time helping normal cells to regenerate